Strength: 20 mg/mL 10 mL Vial

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is found in all cells across all domains of life.12 It is a redox-active lipid biosynthesized in the mitochondria by the conjugation of a benzoquinone ring with a 10-unit isoprenoid chain. It is essential in the production of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a significant antioxidant and therefore prevents free radical generation and modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. It can also help in the regeneration of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E. CoQ10 is also naturally found in some foods, such as meat, nuts, fruits, and vegetables. However, the average daily dietary intake of CoQ10 is very low, about three to six milligrams, and earlier studies show that dietary intake of CoQ10 does not appear to increase CoQ10 tissue levels above normal. Subnormal serum levels of Coenzyme Q10 have been observed in patients with advanced heart failure; type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels); neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson’s disease; metabolic syndrome; hypertension; preeclampsia; certain types of cancer, like breast cancer and melanoma, and more. This data has led researchers to investigate exogenous CoQ10 supplementation as a potential treatment for these conditions. However, research so far is inconclusive or contradictory as to whether exogenous CoQ10 supplementation can help treat or manage symptoms of these conditions.

Strength: 100,000 IU/mL 5 mL Vial

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and has two primary forms: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Cholecalciferol has a 10-fold increased potency as compared to ergocalciferol. Furthermore, it induces a quicker response in the production of serum calcidiol that sustains longer at higher concentrations. Various foods are fortified with vitamin D, including milk and cereal. Other dietary sources include fish liver oils, fatty fish, and eggs from hens that have been supplemented with vitamin D. Cholecalciferol is synthesized by the skin after exposure to sunlight. In healthy individuals, 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is converted to cholecalciferol. Brief exposure of approximately 20% of body surface area to sunlight is equivalent to ingesting 200 IU of cholecalciferol. Thus, cutaneous production is highly efficient. However, many individuals lack the ability to efficiently produce adequate stores of cholecalciferol. Therefore, cholecalciferol supplementation is essential.